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Kaisa (cue sport)
Kaisa or karoliina is a cue sport mainly played in Finland. The game originated in Russia, where it is still played to some extent, and is a close cousin to Russian pyramid. Compared to most other billiards-type games, both use similar large 68 mm ( in) balls, small pockets barely large enough for a ball to enter, and long and heavy cue sticks. Kaisa tables are usually 10 feet long and thus 2 feet shorter than Russian pyramid tables which are usually 12 feet long. It is a two-player or -team game. As with many carom billiards games, both players have their own used to shoot at the other balls, and usually differentiated by one cue ball having a dot or other marking on it. In all, five balls are used: the yellow (called the ''kaisa'' in Finnish), two red object balls, and the two white cue balls (each of which serves as an object ball for the opponent). The game is played to 60 , in a rather elaborate scoring system, reminiscent of those used in snooker and English billiards, with points being awarded for various types of shots. Like both Russian and English billiards, which are also played on large pocket billiards tables, kaisa is a hybrid of carom and pocket billiards game styles. Kaisa is principally a recreational game, without professional players. However, the first kaisa world championship tournament was held in April 2010. Participants came from 33 countries, and the main tournament was held in Kotka. a Finnish player Marko Rautiainen won the championship title. Amateur competition in Finland is widespread and popular, with matches being shown on a dedicated Web show on ''blip.tv''.〔 This tournament video footage illustrates many of the game rules in action, but is a secondary source and citations to it should be preceded by citations to published rules documents.〕
==Rules==
The players to decide who will be the first shooter; the player who wins the lag begins the game.〔 The object balls are positioned at their , and the cue ball of the winner of the lag is placed behind the , while the lag-loser's cue ball is placed somewhere between the and ,〔 but cannot obstruct the first player being able to shoot the yellow ''kaisa'' toward the corner pocket diagonally opposite the corner pocket closest to the first player's cue ball. At the start of the game (or with after an opponent's foul), the player cannot shoot an object ball directly to a ., though this shot is legal at any other time.
All shots must be in detail. In most games, nominating the object ball and the intended pocket is sufficient, but in kaisa the shooter must also call any on other balls or contacts on the path of the object ball to the pocket. After pocketing of the called object ball, any carom on or pocketing of another object ball for additional points ''(see below)'' need not be called.
The same player continues shooting after each successful shot,〔 but yields the table to the next player after failing to earn points on a shot attempt.〔 All pocketed balls are before the next shot is taken,〔 except the opponent's cue ball, which remains pocketed until the end of the current shooter's .〔 Balls moved but not pocketed remain where they lie. The incoming player shoots from where that player's cue ball lies if it remains on the table,〔 or has ball-in-hand behind the head string if that cue ball was pocketed by the previous player.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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